Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | ||
d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | d5 | d6 | d7 | d8 | d9 | d10 | ||
orbit | electrons (max) | energy (eV) | |||||||||
1S 1/2 |
2
|
-4400
|
-4871
|
-5366
|
-5886
|
-6430
|
-6999
|
-7593
|
-8211
|
-8854
|
-9523
|
2S 1/2 |
2
|
-490
|
-553
|
-620
|
-689
|
-762
|
-838
|
-918
|
-1001
|
-1088
|
-1178
|
2P 1/2 |
2
|
-409
|
-466
|
-526
|
-590
|
-656
|
-727
|
-800
|
-877
|
-958
|
-1042
|
2P 3/2 |
4
|
-404
|
-460
|
-519
|
-581
|
-646
|
-714
|
-785
|
-860
|
-937
|
-1018
|
3S 1/2 |
2
|
-71.81
|
-80.03
|
-88.28
|
-96.65
|
-105.22
|
-113.99
|
-123.01
|
-132.28
|
-141.83
|
-151.67
|
3P 1/2 |
2
|
-51.02
|
-57.00
|
-62.98
|
-69.01
|
-75.17
|
-81.46
|
-87.92
|
-94.55
|
-101.38
|
-108.41
|
3P 3/2 |
4
|
-50.50
|
-56.33
|
-62.13
|
-67.96
|
-73.88
|
-79.90
|
-86.05
|
-92.33
|
-98.75
|
-105.33
|
3D 3/2 |
4
|
-20.46
|
-22.17
|
-23.79
|
-25.33
|
-26.82
|
-28.26
|
-29.66
|
-31.02
|
-32.35
|
-33.66
|
3D 5/2 |
6
|
-20.43
|
-22.12
|
-23.73
|
-25.24
|
-26.70
|
-28.10
|
-29.46
|
-30.78
|
-32.05
|
-33.30
|
4S 1/2 |
2
|
-20.22
|
-21.13
|
-22.00
|
-22.84
|
-23.66
|
-24.45
|
-25.23
|
-26.00
|
-26.74
|
-27.48
|
4P 1/2 |
2
|
-16.21
|
-16.83
|
-17.41
|
-17.95
|
-18.46
|
-18.95
|
-19.41
|
-19.85
|
-20.27
|
-20.67
|
4P 3/2 |
4
|
-16.15
|
-16.77
|
-17.34
|
-17.87
|
-18.37
|
-18.84
|
-19.28
|
-19.71
|
-20.11
|
-20.50
|
4D 3/2 |
4
|
-10.37
|
-10.74
|
-11.03
|
-11.27
|
-11.48
|
-11.67
|
-11.83
|
-11.97
|
-12.10
|
-12.21
|
4D 5/2 |
6
|
-10.37
|
-10.73
|
-11.02
|
-11.26
|
-11.47
|
-11.65
|
-11.81
|
-11.95
|
-12.08
|
-12.19
|
spin-orbit splitting (eV) | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | |
2p |
4.63
|
5.76
|
7.08
|
8.62
|
10.40
|
12.45
|
14.78
|
17.44
|
20.44
|
23.81
|
|
3p |
0.52
|
0.67
|
0.84
|
1.05
|
1.28
|
1.56
|
1.87
|
2.22
|
2.62
|
3.08
|
|
3d |
0.03
|
0.05
|
0.07
|
0.09
|
0.12
|
0.16
|
0.20
|
0.24
|
0.30
|
0.36
|